Prevalence, risk factors, and effects on fertility of cytological endometritis at the time of insemination in Norwegian Red cows

The present study aimed to assess the occurrence of cytological endometritis (CYTO), a nonsymptomatic inflammation endometrium, at first artificial insemination (AI) postpartum in Norwegian Red cows. Further, risk factors for CYTO manifestation and its effect on reproductive success late embryo loss were evaluated. In total 1,648 cows located 116 herds included study. On mainly spontaneous estrus, endometrial cytology samples collected using cytotape technique, 300 representative epithelial cells polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) counted 400× magnification. Vaginal mucus obtained by Metricheck (Simcro) body condition score recorded. Milk progesterone analysis AI 21 d later. Pregnancy was diagnosed rectal palpation or pregnancy-associated glycoproteins. Based constructions receiver operator characteristics curve, cut-off level PMN defined as set 3.0%, representing which affected pregnancy outcome, with highest summation sensitivity (32.4%) specificity (74.9%). Three logistic models herd random factor constructed. outcome model likelihood based samples, second AI, third loss. proportion 28.0% (461/1,648). average interval days 71.7 (standard error ± 0.7) overall incidence 59.8% (866/1,449). associated personnel, calving interval, vaginal characteristics, amount red blood sample, season, barn type. lower CYTO-positive (odds ratio = 1.51, confidence 1.17–1.94). Other affecting test day milk yield, type, obstetrical conditions fertility treatments before AI. abortion 8.6% (82/948) 2.8% (24/866), respectively. Late treatment against disorders but not CYTO. Overall, our results suggest that even if show fairly high prevalence endometrium it does seem have major performance. breeding program has emphasized health decades, genetically advantageous uterine immunology might be one preserved mechanisms.